Arch

安装¶

制作多启动¶

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Multiboot_USB_drive 建议使用 Ultra ISO,rufus(win),dd(linux)进行写入 U 盘

步骤¶

验证 hash，设置键盘，检查启动模式，连接互联网
更新时间timedatectl set-ntp true
分区，根目录，LVM，RAID,swap 等,然后格式化,uefi 的可以试试直接格式化/dev/sda....
swap 处理 mkswap /dev/sdX2;swapon /dev/sdX2 use zram-generator https://github.com/systemd/zram-generator/blob/main/README.md https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Performance
挂载根目录 mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
修改/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist 选择最快的地址，我使用 ustc 和清华的，或者使用pacman-mirrors -b testing -c China
安装系统：pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware zsh
更新启动挂载盘:genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
更改根目录，进入系统 arch-chroot /mnt
设置时区并同步到硬件:ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime;hwclock --systohc
本地化:注释掉你需要的 locales 在/etc/locale.gen,然后locale-gen
添加你的 hostnameecho you_host_name > /etc/hostname
在/etc/hosts中添加你的本地 ip，例如127.0.0.1 you_hostname\n ::1 you_hostname
安装 grub 引导:grub-install /dev/sda;grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
改密码:passwd;reboot
配置网络，自带了systemd-networkd，看这个
需要交换文件可以安装systemd-swap 并将/etc/systemd/swap.conf中写入swapfu_enabled=1 然后systemctl enable --now systemd-swap即可

联网¶

http://blog.csdn.net/r8l8q8/article/details/73252970#79tkjm1497440352464

如果没有网卡，可以用手机 usb 热点：

modprobe rndis_host cdc_ether usbnet
# 然后使用dhcp之类的设置ip地址，没有dns还要设置dns ping 一下试试

# 接入archlinuxcn
echo 'Server = https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
echo '[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/archlinux-cn/$arch
' >> /etc/pacman.conf

wifi¶

iw 工具和 wpa_supplicant

更改 mkinitcpio 配置后，需要手动重新生成镜像： mkinitcpio -p linux 警告: lvm2、mdadm、encrypt 支持默认是关闭的。参考：https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Mkinitcpio_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)

安全设置¶

安装后的¶

#添加以下内容
sudo pacman-mirrors -b testing -c China&&
sudo vi /etc/pacman.conf
[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

修复无法导入gnu key的问题¶

# haveged是一个生成系统熵的工具，可以加速随机数生成
pacman -Syu haveged
systemctl start haveged
systemctl enable haveged

rm -fr /etc/pacman.d/gnupg
pacman-key --init
pacman-key --populate archlinux

修复ssh 连接错误¶

/etc/ssh/ssh_config添加:

IPQoS 0
TCPKeepAlive=yes
ServerAliveInterval 60

vmware¶

yay -S vmware-workstation linux-lts-headers

modprobe -a vmw_vmci vmmon

yay -S gtkmm gtkmm3 --needed
systemctl enable --now vmware-networks.service
systemctl enable --now vmware-usbarbitrator.service
systemctl enable --now vmware-hostd.service

vmware16: ZF71R-DMX85-08DQY-8YMNC-PPHV8 AZ3E8-DCD8J-0842Z-N6NZE-XPKYF FC11K-00DE0-0800Z-04Z5E-MC8T6 AZ3E8-DCD8J-0842Z-N6NZE-XPKYF FC7D0-D1YDL-M8DXZ-CYPZE-P2AY6 YF390-0HF8P-M81RQ-2DXQE-M2UT6 ZC3TK-63GE6-481JY-WWW5T-Z7ATA

package¶

fakeroot
ntfs-3g
# network
NetworkManager
wpa_supplicant
# nvidia intel
optimus-manager
# bluetooth
bluez bluez-utils
systemctl enable  bluetooth.service
# caps2ctrl
kcmshell5 kcm_keyboard

# theme
yay -S \
libdbusmenu-glib \
nordic-kde-git \
nordic-theme-git \
kcm-colorful-git \
breeze-blurred-git \
kvantum-qt5 \
kvantum-theme-nordic-git 
yay -S kdecoration qt5-declarative qt5-x11extras kcoreaddons kguiaddons kconfigwidgets kwindowsystem fftw cmake extra-cmake-modules qtcurve-kde

# fonts amd vim code
yay -S visual-studio-code-bin
yay -S yapf
yay -S adobe-source-han-sans-otc-fonts ttf-dejavu wqy-zenhei wqy-microhei ttf-opensans 
wireshark-qt 
#don't forget gpasswd -a username wireshark
yay -S wps-office-cn
yay -S gvim
yay -S ttf-ms-win10-zh_cn

````

```sh
# input method
ysy -S fcitx-googlepinyin &&
yay -S fcitx-qt5 &&
yay -S fcitx-qt4 &&
#.xprofile
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

# vscode 解决无法同步的问题
yay -S visual-studio-code-bin
yay -S gnome-keyring

# okura无法显示中文问题
yay -S  poppler-data

# laptop acpi dell laptop
yay -S acpi i8utils dell-bios-fan-control-git
# control fan speed
# https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=248106
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fan_speed_control#Dell_laptops

添加/etc/locale.conf,修复乱码，中文输入问题。

LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8

性能优化¶

I/O¶

/etc/fstab 文件中添加noatime,禁用文件访问时间
TRIM清理磁盘，sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep TRIM查看磁盘是否支持TRIM操作，或者使用sudo systemctl status fstrim.service查看是否支持。手动清理sudo fstrim -v /
减少swap分区使用：vm.swappiness=10，内存低于10%时使用swap分区。
硬盘增加写缓存
firefox缓存写入RAM：browser.cache.disk.enable改为false,browser.cache.memory.enable改为true，browser.cache.memory.capacity改为204800
硬盘调度器修改
使用tlp优化电池使用

网络¶

添加/etc/modules-load.d/80-bbr.conf:

tcp_bbr

添加 /etc/sysctl.d/improve_network.conf 开启 bbr

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 100000
net.core.netdev_budget = 50000
net.core.netdev_budget_usecs = 5000
net.core.somaxconn = 4096
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_default = 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.optmem_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 1048576 2097152
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min = 8192
net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 30000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 2000000
net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing = 1
fs.file-max=65535
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

设置pacman彩色输出¶

打开/etc/pacman.conf文件，找到被注释的#Color，改为Color。pacman就会输出彩色信息，方便查看。

Wine¶

qq/wechat¶

yay -S deepin.com.qq.im electronic-wechat

/opt/deepinwine/apps/Deepin-QQ/run.sh 中添加

export GTK_IM_MODULE="fcitx"
export QT_IM_MODULE="fcixt"
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

安装环境配置中的两个字体:wqy-zenhei 与 wqy-microhei 要设置 LANG 为支持 utf8 的字符集,建议设置为zh_CN.UTF-8

图片不加载¶

禁用 ipv6

# /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 =1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 =1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 =1

清空缓存 sudo rm -rf ~/.deepinwine/Deepin-QQ

wps¶

yay -S wps-office-cn

touchpad¶

deepin: edit /usr/share/dde-daemon/guesture.json

备份¶

#excl:
/proc/*
/dev/*
/sys/*
/tmp/*
/mnt/*
/media/*
/run/*
/var/lock/*
/var/run/*
/var/lib/pacman/*
/var/cache/pacman/pkg/*
/lost+found

sudo tar --use-compress-program="zstd -T0" -cvpf backup.tar.zst --exclude-from=excl /

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